Ch. 8 Pathophysiology Key Term-Definition

• aerobic metabolism: is the breakdown of molecules such as glucose through a series of reactions energy within cells in the presence of oxygen.
• galycolysis: occur in the fluid portion of the cell and does not require oxygen.
• anerobic metabolism: is the breakdown of molecules in the cells without the presence of oxygen 
• laryngeal spasm: a contraction of the vocal cords that causes them to close and prevents air from passing through into the trachea.
• Boyle law:the concept that the volume of gas is inversely proportionate to the pressure.
• airway resistance: the restriction of airflow that is related to the diameter of the airways.
• compliance:the measure of the ability of the chest wall and lungs to stretch, distend, and expand.
• dead air space: (Vd) anatomical areas in the respiratory where no gas exchange occurs but air collects during inhalation
• central chemoreceptors:
• chemorreceptors: monitor arterial content of oxygen, CO2 and blood.
• periphearal chemorereceptors: locate in the aortic arch and the cartid bodies.
• stretch reseptors:
• apneustic center: the respiratory center in the brain stem that intensifies and prolongs inhalation.
• dorsal respiratory group:
• pneumotaxic center: the respiratory center in the brain stem that intensifies and prolongs inhalation.
• respitory  control centers:
• ventilation/perfusion (V?Q) ratio
• ventral repiratory group:
• deoxyhhemoglobin: it does not have any oxygen moleules attached.
• oxyhemoglobin: hemoglobin that has atleast 1 oxegen molecule attached to it.
• hydrostatic pressure: the, effect forces fluid out of the inside a capillary bed generated  by the conraction of the heart and the blood pressure that exerts, push that forces out of the vessel.
• plasma oncotic pressure: the force responsible for keeping fluid inside a vessel, pull.
• cardiac output: the volume of the blood generated by the left ventricle.
• Frank-starling law of the heart: the stretch of the muscle fiber in the left ventrical at the end of distial determins the force necessary to eject the blood contained with in it.
• stroke volume:
• preload: the pressure generated in the ventrical in resting phase.
• afterload: the force of contraction that the left ventricle has to generate to overcome the resistance in the aorta to eject the blood.
• glycosis:
• stsemic vascular resistance: the resistance of blood flow through a vessel based on the diameter of the vessel.
• micracirculation:  the flow of blood in the site of exchange of gases, nutirents, and waste products with the cells.
• baroreceptors: stretch sensitve receptors located in the aortic arch and carotoid bodies that constantly measure the blood pressure